Pregnancy and Swollen Gums (Also known as Pregnancy Gingivitis)

Pregnancy and Swollen Gums (Also known as Pregnancy Gingivitis)
Last Updated: 03/2007
Mayo Clinic Guide To A Healthy Pregnancy Harms, Roger W., M.D., et al, Part 3.
American Pregnancy Association

Swollen gums, which may be sore and more susceptible to bleeding, are common during pregnancy. This inflammation of the gums is called gingivitis. Pregnancy gingivitis is caused by the hormonal changes that increase the blood flow to the gum tissue and cause your gums to be more sensitive, irritable and swollen.

The hormonal changes also hinder the body's normal response to the bacteria which causes periodontal infections. This makes it easier for plaque to build up on your teeth and makes you more susceptible to gingivitis. The severity of pregnancy gingivitis usually increases in the second trimester.

What can you do to manage your swollen gums better?
Good dental care is essential during pregnancy. You should brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss at least once a day. A soft toothbrush may cause less irritation to your gums. You should also keep your scheduled professional cleanings and discuss any problems with your dentist.

If gingivitis is left unchecked it may lead to a more serious form of gum disease called periodontitis. Periodontitis during pregnancy increases the chance of preterm birth. The good news is that with good oral hygiene and routine professional cleanings, there should be nothing for you to worry about.

Here are a few things that you can do to manage swollen gums and have healthier oral hygiene:

Have at least one oral checkup with your dentist during pregnancy
Use a daily or periodic warm salt water rinse (1 teaspoon to 1 cup)
Brush your teeth twice per day, especially after vomiting from morning sickness
Practice good nutrition
Your gums usually return to normal following the delivery of your baby. The bleeding and sensitivity should diminish. If swelling and irritation continue after delivery or get worse during your pregnancy, contact your dentist.

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