Periodontal Disease
Periodontal Disease
February 1, 2008
WSOCTV.com
Periodontal (gum) disease is a chronic infection of the tissues that support the teeth. Bacteria in the mouth form a sticky film, called plaque, which adheres to the teeth. If the plaque is allowed to build, it hardens into a substance, called tartar, or calculus. The bacteria feed on sugars in foods and produce acids that damage the teeth and gums.
The gums are normally a healthy, pink color. In the early stages of periodontal disease (known as gingivitis), the gums become irritated, red and tender. They may appear swollen and bleed easily. Eventually, the infection spreads down the tooth into the gum line, forming a pocket between the teeth and the gums. The depth of the pocket reflects the severity of the disease. In more advanced stages, the tissues, ligaments and bone holding the teeth become damaged and weakened. The affected teeth may become loose or fall out.
The Academy of General Dentistry estimates 75 percent of Americans develop gum disease at some point in their lives. The condition causes about 70 percent of all cases of tooth loss in adults. Risk factors for periodontal disease include: poorly fitting dental appliances, crooked teeth, family history of gum disease, smoking, diabetes, stress, use of certain medications and, in females, hormonal changes.
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