Monitoring different implant platforms using cytokines and clinical markers

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Monitoring different implant platforms using cytokines and clinical markers
12 March 2005
E. MACHTEI, E. OVED-PELEG, and M. PELED, Rambam Med. Ctre, Haifa, Israel
IADR
There are several long-term comparisons between teeth and dental implants. Yet, evaluation of host response around dental implants, and its association with clinical parameters has seldom been done. Objectives: To compare the long-term periodontal health around natural teeth and dental implants with different restorative platforms. Methods: Retrospective cross sectional internal and external control trial of partially edentulous patients treated with 1 & 2 piece dental implants; all subjects were initially treated for mild to severe chronic periodontitis and received regular maintenance care. PI, GI, PD, CAL were recorded. Alveolar bone loss (ABL), baseline to-date, was digitally measured using dedicated computer software. GCF samples were obtained from all implants and ramfjord index teeth; IL1, TNFa, PGE2 were assayed using ELISA. Teeth and dental implants were compared using Student's t-test for paired observations. The two-implant systems were compared using un-paired t-test. The association between cytokines, ABL and clinical parameters was evaluated using Pearson's correlation co-efficient test. Results: 27 subjects, 73 dental implants: 28 2-pieces submerged (S), 45 1-piece non-submerged (NS). These implants were in function for 1-6 y. Teeth PI (1.2¨±0.48) was higher compared to implants' (0.8¨±0.47), p=0.0018. Likewise, teeth GI (1.2¨±0.27) was greater than implants' (1.1¨±0.31) p=0.048. To the contrary, PD was higher in implants (3.66¨±0.88) than teeth (2.66¨±0.56), p=0.0001. ABL around implants (1.62¨±2.17mm) was greater compared to teeth (0.49¨±0.31mm, p=0.05). Cytokines levels were similar for teeth and implants. Likewise, S & NS implants had similar PI, GI, PPD, ABL and cytokine levels. Significant positive correlation was found between IL1 (r=0.736, p=0.0064) and TNFa (r=0.641, p=0.0246) and mean bone loss around natural teeth. Similar association was found for dental implant: TNFa (r=0.52, p=0.0081), IL1 (r=0.464, p=0.091). Conclusions: IL1 and TNFa are sensitive markers of ABL around teeth and implants. The 2-implant platforms had similar clinical and host response characteristics.