Increased physical activity reduces prevalence of periodontitis

Increased physical activity reduces prevalence of periodontitis
Received 31 August 2004; received in revised form 23 December 2004; accepted 7 January 2005
Mohammad S. Al-Zahrania, Elaine A. Borawskibc, Nabil F. Bissadad
Journal of Dentistry

Summary
Objectives
Physical activity has been shown to have a protective relationship with several chronic diseases. Recently, physical activity was also found to reduce the risk of periodontitis in a study in male health professionals. However, the relationship between physical activity and periodontitis in a diverse group of individuals is not thoroughly examined. The purpose of this study was to examine if there is an association between sustained physical activity and periodontitis in a subset of the third national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES III).

Methods
NHANES III participants 18 years of age or older who had had a periodontal examination and reported to have a similar physical activity (or inactivity) level for 10 years or longer were selected (n=2521). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between physical activity and periodontitis. The analysis was adjusted for: age, gender, race, education, smoking, body mass index, poverty index, vitamin use, healthy eating index, time since last dental visit, gingival bleeding, and dental calculus.

Results
Engaging in the recommended level of physical activity was significantly associated with lower periodontitis prevalence (OR=0.58, 95% CI, 0.35Ò0.96). Smoking, however, was found to modify this relationship. The association was strong and significant among never (OR=0.46, 95% CI, 0.23Ò0.93) and former smokers (OR=0.26, 95% CI: 0.09Ò0.72), but not among current smokers (OR=1.10, 95% CI: 0.48Ò2.53).

Conclusions
These results suggest that engaging in the recommended level of exercise is associated with lower periodontitis prevalence, especially among never and former smokers.

Keywords: Physical activity, Exercise, Periodontitis, Periodontal disease, NHANES III, The third national health and nutrition examination survey
a Division of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 100434, Jeddah 21311, Saudi Arabia

b Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

c Center for Health Promotion Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

d Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

Corresponding author. Tel.: +966 5 03612536; fax: +966 2 6404166.

PII: S0300-5712(05)00031-X

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2005.01.004

© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2007 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved

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