Fundamentals of Color: Shade Matching and Communication in Esthetic Dentistry

Fundamentals of Color: Shade Matching and Communication in Esthetic Dentistry

Author(s)/Editor(s): Chu, Stephen J, Devigus, Alessandro and Mieleszko, Adam J.

Price: $ 78.00

Stock #: B4349

Providing patients with a natural-looking smile is an important goal for the dental professional. However, obtaining an accurate shade match for restorations can be a difficult and frustrating experience. This lavishly illustrated book explains the basic science and art of color to help the reader better understand the mechanics involved in the shade-matching process. Moreover, it details the myriad clinical elements that can affect the perception of color. The authors also present easy-to-follow protocols for both conventional and technologically advanced shade matching, including tips for communicating with the lab technician, as well as a recommended protocol that combines both approaches. The appendix demonstrates this final approach through a series of case studies. This unique guide to color will allow the clinician to achieve an accurate and esthetic shade match the first time, every time.
ISBN: 0-86715-434-9

978-0-86715-434-4 , 9780867154344

168 pp (softcover); 426 color illus

Table of Contents:
Foreword vii
Preface ix
Chapter 1 Color Theory 1
The Physics of Color
Color Reproduction
Color in Dentistry
Chapter 2 Elements Affecting Color 19
Illumination
Contrast Effects
Viewer-Associated Effects
Restorative Materials Selection
Chapter 3 Conventional Shade Matching 51
Step-by-Step Process
Shade Guide Systems
Recommended Protocol
Special Considerations for Direct Composites
Chapter 4 Technology-Based Shade Matching 77
Development of Technological Shade Systems
Measurement Systems
Types of Technological Shade Systems
Step-by-Step Process
Recommended Protocol
Chapter 5 Recommended Shade-Matching Protocol 101
Seven Steps to a Successful Shade Match
Appendix: Clinical Cases 117
Single Anterior All-Ceramic (Procera) Crown
Single Anterior All-Ceramic (In-Ceram) Crown
Single Anterior Implant-Supported Metal-Ceramic Crown
Single Anterior Ceramic Laminate Veneer
Two Anterior All-Ceramic Crowns
Two Anterior All-Ceramic Crowns with One Anterior Metal-Ceramic Crown
Four Anterior Ceramic Laminate Veneers
Single Posterior All-Ceramic Crown
Ten Ceramic Laminate Veneers to Match Bleached Teeth
Two Anterior Direct Composite Restorations
Index 155

Foreword:
In the span of my dental career, dentistry has made spectacular improvements in mimicking the natural colors of teeth with restorative materials. In the early 1960s, metal ceramics presented exciting new possibilities for tooth colors, as well as soft tissue response, longevity, and esthetics. In general, clinicians have had little understanding about color, and even less has been taught. Several contemporary clinicians contributed enormously to our knowledge of the art and science of color. There was Bruce Clark in the 1930s and then Robert C. Sproull, Jack D. Preston, and Stephen F. Bergen in the 1970s.

John W. McLean, a giant in the dental profession, introduced us to high-strength all-porcelain restorations with aluminous porcelain in 1965. The bar was raised for color in dental porcelain. Artistic laboratory technicians made immense progress with internal colors and the management of opacity and translucency. By the 1990s, adhesive dentistry, composites, and myriad all-ceramic materials gave us the artistic capacity to reproduce the colors and light response of natural teeth.

The authors of this text, Stephen J. Chu, Alessandro Devigus, and Adam J. Mieleszko, have made an outstanding contribution to the practice and theory of color management in contemporary dentistry. Updating is a way of life, and the flood of new materials and techniques makes this text all the more valuable to students, general practitioners, and specialists. A concise introduction to color theory and how it applies to dentistry is followed by important information about elements affecting color to aid the clinician and technician with problem solving. Special attention has been given to shade matching with a step-by-step protocol. Direct composites and layering techniques receive careful attention. In particular, the chapter on digitized shade-matching technology provides the reader with valuable insight into color measurement technology and its applications for laboratories and patients. Finally, an extensive presentation of clinical cases from single anterior crowns and composites to multiple anterior restorations is used to illustrate the full extent of the text.

It should be noted that the science of color in dentistry always requires skill by the user. In particular, there is a lack of standards in the production of dental ceramic frits. The variables of hue, value, chroma, and translucency from batch to batch and between companies require unusual artistic skills from ceramists to produce prescriptive shades. Perfect shade measurement will not produce comparable shade matching unless realistic standards are established by manufacturers. In the meantime, we need to be especially empathetic to dental laboratories until the science and art of color in dentistry come together.

The authors have produced a text that fulfills a genuine need on shade matching and communication. I found it to be a refreshing approach to color and am especially privileged to write this foreword.

Lloyd L. Miller, DMD
Clinical Professor
Graduate and Postgraduate Prosthodontics
Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Boston, MA

Preface:
The study of color is an integral part of esthetic dentistry. If the color of a restoration is offÛeven slightlyÛthe mistake can be glaringly evident; it looks fake, and the patient is unhappy. Obviously, this is an undesirable result.

Unfortunately, color is also tricky. Slight variances in shade play with our eyes, our minds, and, ultimately, our dentistry. The illumination in the dental treatment room, optical illusions, color blindness, nutrition, and fatigue are among the dental professionalÌs ongoing obstacles to successful shade matching. It is necessary to understand these challenges and the basic mechanisms of color in order to achieve consistent esthetic shade results. However, most of the dental literature on color theory does not further the readerÌs understanding; rather, it further compounds the complexity. Moreover, color education seems to be absent within the dental school curriculum. What is needed is a resource that distills all the data and breaks down the abstract science of color into the essential details. This text was written to simplify the study of color and help readers quantify and communicate shade easily and accurately.

Fundamentals of Color first explains the basics of color theory, then illuminates the factors that can affect the perception of color. Next, the recommended protocol for conventional and technology-based shade matching are detailed separately. Finally, an approach combining both methods is outlined in chapter 5, providing the reader with a technique that almost ensures an accurate shade match the first time, every time. Throughout the text, there are hints and tips to enhance the readerÌs comprehension and clinical results. Also included is an appendix describing clinical cases in which the recommended protocol was followed to achieve esthetic and predictable results.

This book is intended for anyone seeking to gain a better understanding of the complexities of shade matching, advance their esthetic dentistry skills, and increase the natural quality of their restorative work. Although we are all health care providers first, we are also artists. With a good working knowledge of color, your artistry will become as natural as your dentistry.

Stephen J. Chu, DMD, MSD, CDT, MDT
Director, Advanced and International CDE Programs in Aesthetic Dentistry
Clinical Associate Professor
Department of Implant Dentistry
Division of Reconstructive and Prosthodontic Sciences
New York University College of Dentistry
New York, New York

Alessandro Devigus, Dr med dent
Private Practice
B?lach, Switzerland

Adam J. Mieleszko, CDT
Ceramist
New York, New York