Dental Implant Design and Biological Effects on Bone-Implant Interface

Dental Implant Design and Biological Effects on Bone-Implant Interface
Date: 2004
By: Linish Vidyasagar, Peteris Apse
Stomatologija, Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal
SUMMARY
The traditional protocol of dental implants has been based on a two-stage submerged surgical
protocol, allowing a 3-6 months bone healing period. Thus within a treatment time-frame,
implant-supported prostheses may take up to 7-8 months to complete, which from the patientÇƒÙ
perspective may be unsatisfactory. In an attempt to shorten treatment periods, there is a trend
towards using a one-stage non-submerged surgical procedure along with an early/ immediate
loading protocol. Consequently, primary implant stability becomes a prerequisite for successful
bone integration of dental implants. Primary implant stability has been reported to be influenced
by the bone quality and quantity, the implant geometry, and the site preparation technique. This
review identifies the role of surface roughness and aspects of implant design on the initial implant
stability and bone responses to these factors. Although clinical evidence is unclear on the effects
of implant thread shape on initial implant stability, it may be deduced that thread design may be
influential in poor quality bone, and not be as significant in good quality bone. It is concluded that
to make early/ immediate loading a predictable treatment modality in a low-density bone, technical
modifications should be made to adapt to different clinical situations in the establishment of
biologic width and optimize initial stability and maximize the crestal cortical bone preservation by
translating shear strains at the interface to a more compressive component.
Key words: dental, implant design, bone, interface
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